Asayansi nthawi zambiri amalangiza kuti asayese ma antibodies pambuyo pa katemera.Koma kwa anthu ena, izi ndi zomveka.
Tsopano popeza mamiliyoni ambiri aku America alandila katemera wa coronavirus, anthu ambiri amafuna kudziwa: Kodi ndili ndi ma antibodies okwanira kuti anditeteze?
Kwa anthu ambiri, yankho ndi inde.Izi sizinayimitse kuchuluka kwa zikalata zamabokosi am'deralo zoyesa ma antibody.Koma kuti apeze yankho lodalirika pa mayesowo, wolandira katemerayo ayenera kuyezetsa mtundu wina wake pa nthawi yoyenera.
Yesani nthawi isanakwane, kapena dalirani kuyezetsa komwe kumayang'ana chitetezo chamthupi cholakwika - chomwe ndi chosavuta poganizira kuchuluka kwa mayeso komwe kulipo masiku ano - mutha kuganiza kuti muli pachiwopsezo pomwe mulibe.
M'malo mwake, asayansi amakonda kuti anthu wamba omwe ali ndi katemera asayesedwe konse, chifukwa izi sizofunikira.M'mayesero azachipatala, katemera wololedwa ndi US adayambitsa kuyankha mwamphamvu kwa antibody pafupifupi onse omwe adatenga nawo gawo.
“Anthu ambiri sayenera kuda nkhawa ngakhale pang’ono ndi zimenezi,” anatero Akiko Iwasaki, katswiri wa immunologist pa yunivesite ya Yale.
Koma kuyezetsa ma antibody ndikofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kapena omwe amamwa mankhwala enaake - gulu lalikululi limaphatikizapo mamiliyoni omwe amalandira zopereka zamagulu, akudwala khansa yamagazi, kapena kumwa ma steroid kapena chitetezo china chopondereza.Anthu omwe ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.Pali umboni wochulukirachulukira wosonyeza kuti anthu ambiri sadzakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira atalandira katemera.
Ngati mukuyenera kuyesedwa, kapena kungofuna kuti muyesedwe, ndiye kuti kuyezetsa koyenera n’kofunika, Dr. Iwasaki anati: “Ndimazengereza pang’ono kulangiza aliyense kuti ayezedwe, chifukwa pokhapokha ngati amvetsetsadi ntchito yoyezetsa. , anthu Angakhulupirire molakwa kuti palibe mankhwala oteteza thupi amene apangidwa.”
M'masiku oyambilira a mliriwu, mayeso ambiri azamalonda anali ndi cholinga chopeza ma antibodies motsutsana ndi mapuloteni a coronavirus otchedwa nucleocapsid kapena N, chifukwa ma antibodies awa amakhala ochuluka m'magazi pambuyo pa matenda.
Koma ma antibodies amenewa sakhala amphamvu ngati omwe amafunikira kuti apewe matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus, ndipo nthawi yawo sitalika chotere.Chofunika kwambiri, ma antibodies motsutsana ndi mapuloteni a N sapangidwa ndi katemera wololedwa ndi United States;m'malo mwake, katemerayu amayambitsa ma antibodies motsutsana ndi mapuloteni ena (otchedwa spikes) omwe ali pamwamba pa kachilomboka.
Ngati anthu omwe sanatengepo katemerayu alandira katemera ndikuyezetsa chitetezo cha mthupi polimbana ndi puloteni ya N m'malo molimbana ndi ma spikes, akhoza kukhwimitsa.
David Lat, wolemba zamalamulo wazaka 46 ku Manhattan yemwe adagonekedwa m'chipatala cha Covid-19 kwa milungu itatu mu Marichi 2020, adalemba zambiri za matenda ake ndikuchira pa Twitter.
M'chaka chotsatira, Bambo Rattle anayesedwa nthawi zambiri kuti adziwe ma antibodies - mwachitsanzo, pamene anapita kukaonana ndi pulmonologist kapena cardiologist kuti atsatire, kapena plasma yoperekedwa.Ma antibody ake anali okwera mu June 2020, koma adatsika m'miyezi yotsatira.
Rattle posachedwapa anakumbukira kuti kuchepa kumeneku “sikukuda nkhawa.”“Ndauzidwa kuti zidzazimiririka mwachibadwa, koma ndikusangalala kuti ndidakali ndi maganizo abwino.”
Kuyambira pa Marichi 22 chaka chino, Bambo Lat adalandira katemera wokwanira.Koma mayeso a antibody omwe dokotala wake wamtima adachita pa Epulo 21 analibe chiyembekezo.Bambo Rattle anadabwa kuti: “Ndinaganiza kuti pambuyo pa mwezi umodzi nditalandira katemera, matupi anga oteteza thupi kunkhondo adzaphulika.”
Bambo Rattle adatembenukira ku Twitter kuti afotokoze.Florian Krammer, katswiri wa chitetezo cha mthupi ku Icahn School of Medicine ku Mount Sinai ku New York, adayankha pofunsa kuti ndi mayeso otani omwe Bambo Rattle adagwiritsa ntchito."Apa ndipamene ndidawona tsatanetsatane wa mayeso," adatero a Rattle.Anazindikira kuti uku kunali kuyesa kwa ma antibodies a N protein, osati ma antibodies motsutsana ndi spikes.
"Zikuwoneka kuti mwachisawawa, amangokupatsani nucleocapsid," adatero Bambo Rattle."Sindinaganizepo zopempha wina."
M'mwezi wa Meyi chaka chino, US Food and Drug Administration idalangiza kuti tisagwiritse ntchito mayeso a antibody kuti awone chitetezo - lingaliro lomwe lidakopa asayansi ena kutsutsidwa - ndikungopereka zidziwitso zokhazokha za mayesowa kwa othandizira azaumoyo.Madokotala ambiri samadziwabe kusiyana pakati pa kuyesa kwa antibody, kapena kuti mayesowa amangoyesa mtundu umodzi wa chitetezo ku kachilomboka.
Nthawi zambiri kuyezetsa komwe kumapezeka mwachangu kumapereka zotsatira za inde-ayi ndipo zitha kuphonya ma antibodies ochepa.Mayeso amtundu wina wa labotale, wotchedwa Elisa test, amatha kuyerekeza pang'ono pang'ono za ma spike protein antibodies.
Ndikofunikiranso kudikirira osachepera milungu iwiri kuti tiyesedwe mutatha jekeseni wachiwiri wa katemera wa Pfizer-BioNTech kapena Moderna, pamene ma antibody adzakwera kufika pamlingo wokwanira kuti adziwike.Kwa anthu ena omwe amalandira katemera wa Johnson & Johnson, nthawi imeneyi imatha kukhala milungu inayi.
"Iyi ndiyo nthawi, ma antigen ndi kukhudzidwa kwa mayesero - zonsezi ndizofunikira kwambiri," adatero Dr. Iwasaki.
Mu Novembala, World Health Organisation idakhazikitsa miyezo yoyezetsa ma antibody kuti ilole kufananitsa mayeso osiyanasiyana."Pali mayeso ambiri abwino tsopano," adatero Dr. Kramer."Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, opanga onsewa, malo onsewa omwe amawayendetsa akusintha kuti agwirizane ndi mayiko ena."
Dr. Dorry Segev, dokotala woika munthu wina ndiponso wofufuza pa yunivesite ya Johns Hopkins, ananena kuti ma antibodies ndi mbali imodzi yokha ya chitetezo cha m’thupi: “Zinthu zambiri zimachitika pansi pa nthaka zomwe kuyezetsa kwa antibody sikungathe kuyeza mwachindunji.”Thupi limasungabe zomwe zimatchedwa chitetezo cham'manja, chomwe ndi A network complex of defenders nawonso amayankha olowa.
Iye adati, koma kwa anthu omwe adalandira katemera koma chitetezo cha mthupi chafooka, zingakhale zothandiza kudziwa kuti kutetezedwa ku kachilomboka sikuyenera kukhala.Mwachitsanzo, womuika wodwala yemwe ali ndi ma antibody ochepa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zoyezetsa kuti atsimikizire owalemba ntchito kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito kutali.
Bambo Rattle sanafunenso mayeso ena.Ngakhale zotsatira zake zoyezetsa, kungodziwa kuti katemerayu atha kuchulukitsanso ma antibodies ake ndikokwanira kumutsimikizira kuti: "Ndikukhulupirira kuti katemerayu ndi wothandiza."
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-23-2021